I.  ROZPRAWY I ARTYKUŁY

Dariusz Tabor - System  życia jako wartość

The system of human live is the great value. It’s the most important conclusion of the research on the subject of  life system. Because we received “all” without any own activity and everything was done for us, so now we should transfer this value to the other people. The man is not only the person, but also the person who must create the relationships round oneself. 

Grzegorz Baczewski - Społeczna funkcja przyjaźni według świętego Augustyna

This paper deals with the social function of friendship according to Saint Augustine. Four natural types of society and their connection with friendship have been analysed:  the family,  the state (including the nation as the fundamental ground of each state), the religious orders and the Church as the mystical community. Augustine never considered friendship in factories as in his time most physical work was carried out by slaves and there was no industry, but it would seem to be similar to friendship in the state. Schools were also like states for teachers carried considerable authority.

According to Augustine each family should be a friendly society of husband, wife and children. He believed that an atmosphere of friendship is best for them and for states, of which families are a part. States also function best when there is friendship among citizens and between government and citizens. In states there must be always a structure of authority and a common good. Friendship and peace are essential common goods. It helps to keep peace inside states (internal peace) and among states (international peace). Furthermore, religious orders in Augustinian thought are the societies of friends. Monks or nuns should be friends with each other and especially with God, the source of true friendship. Augustine was the founder of monasteries and the author of Rules for them in which he realised his ideal of Christian friendship. In the end the most important friendship is friendship with God and this is best done in the Church – the mystical friendly society (Civitas Dei – The City of God). This society in eschatological times will become the eternal communion of friends - saints, angels and God in heaven.

Marian Mroziewski - Kierunki aktywizacji czynników intelektualnych na rzecz rozwoju polskiej gospodarki

The objective of this paper is to present the role of intangible assets in modern economy; proposed courses of action with a view to developing the elements that constitute intellectual capital of the economic system as well as enhancing their qualitative features; the capability of public institutions to shape modern image of intellectual capital, particularly through training, research and development and conditions in which they are developing in the country at the microeconomic  and macroeconomic levels.  The paper also reflects on main concepts included in operational programs that are to be implemented from 2007 to 2013 to shape human and social capital and stimulate innovativeness in Poland.

Krzysztof Kietliński - Elementy turystyki w pielgrzymowaniu

Man is a ‘homo viator’, a pilgrim or a religious tourist traveling to sacred places in order to worship and make sacrifices to the gods and searching for religious experience. In sacred places a pilgrim looks for the truth – this is where lots of dimensions merge such as the history of the nation, the history of material culture, art, but also and, at the same time, the history of religion, spirituality and faith.

Interchangeable usage of the terms ‘pilgrimage’ and ‘religious tourism’ may breed lots of misunderstandings. Despite their superficial similarities, motivation for making a pilgrimage and for doing religious tourism are totally different. In pilgrimage what is dominant is the religious aim, as it is about experiencing  sacrum. A pilgrim treats the place of worship as an opportunity for a prayer, concentration, penance or any other act of piety. On the other hand, religious tourism is more connected with learning the history of a sacred place. In religious tourism the essential thing is not only a particular religion but also an esthetic experience, specific atmosphere or calming down. Both pilgrimage and religious tourism are linked by their common cultural dimension.

Krzysztof Nowakowski - Promocja przystąpienia Polski do Unii Europejskiej

Public Relations played the deciding role in the belief of Polish citizens for voting in the referendum in favour of acceding to the European Union. Therefore I decided to introduce the importance of public relations in campaigns for Europe. I described the part of media for leading debate in the system of the parliamentary democracy. I showed the results of analyses concerning the promotion of accession of Poland. The text is a next attempt of characteristics the public discourse for taking decisions serving for the national development.

Wioleta Witczak - Public Relations. Sztuka społecznych interakcji

Effective public relations based on social communication is a proven interactive mechanism. Due to it, the organisation using PR devices in its marketing strategy, is able to get to know its environment and to respond for all outside suggestions that concern the activity of the mentioned organisation or its assortment. The policy of customer-mania is directed towards the environment consisting of consumers, clients, suppliers etc. It grants nearly unlimited consumer rights, huge range of  privileges, and most of all the possibility of participation and  interference into the work of a company, firm, institution, foundation or association and moreover involves them into life of a community both social and local. The article presents both theoretical information about the basic role of interpersonal relations in PR, and the actual results of introducing PR into structures of an enterprise. The main purpose of this work is to show social nature of PR and its meaning for the recipients.

Krzysztof Nowakowski - Oddziaływanie mediów emigracyjnych na sytuację społeczną w Polsce po 1945 roku

The text is describing roles of media in civil society. I am demonstrating how independent media fought with the censors. I am describing how journalists working outside border of Poland supported the development of the democracy. I am proving that free media can be active only in an system of the parliamentary democracy.

Jacek Piszewski - Fuzje i przejęcia w mediach w Unii Europejskiej po 2000 roku

As part of the occurrence of the concentration of the property in the media his three kinds are being distinguished: horizontal, vertical and oblique concentration (from the Eng. lk. cross-ownership). The first type concerns capital and property connections between subjects of the same market (e.g. between television senders). The vertical concentration concerns connections between senders, producers and distributors. The oblique concentration concerns connections between subjects of different media markets (e.g. the press, the radio and television).  There were 186 transactions in 2000 (over 52 euro). There were 7 transactions for value above the 10 m. euro done by private equity funds  on the sum of 2.2 bn euro. In 2001 the value of transactions amounted over 22 bn euro. The were over 70 transactions for value above 10 m. euro. 28 transactions for value above the 10 m. euro were done by private equity funds  to the sum over 8.4 bn euro. Value of the transactions in 2002 amounted about 12 bn euro. The number of M&A for value above 10 m. euro amounted 38 .  17 transactions for value the 10 m. euro were done by private equity funds  for value over 5 bn euro. In 2003 there were amounted 57 transactions for the value almost 18 bn euro.There were 33 transactions  done by the private equity funds on the sum of almost 10 bn euro. Value of  M&A in media sector in 2004 amounted to 16.3 bn euro. The number of transaction amounted 97 (8 transactions for value of over 500 m. euro). 2005 brought 156 M&A transactions in the media sector, what was a rapid increase of  over the 60% in comparizion to past year. The value of  transaction was over 24.7 bn euro. A growth tendency in the media sector stayed in 2006. There were about 170 transaction for a value if over 30 bn euro. Market of entertainment and media in the European Union is involved in the phase of the stable height and it will grow about 6,% annually. Amongst other purchasers, private equity funds they will play more significant role as investors, Considering an increase in number and amounts of transactions in 2010 it is possible to beat a record of it from 2000, establishing the increasing the media business will stay at the level of the 6% annually

Piotr Borowski - Wzrost ekonomiczny i rozwój gospodarczy społeczeństw a degradacja środowiska

This paper presents the relationships between economic growth and environmental degradation. It shows that an inverted-U is the best curvilinear function between GDP and gas emission (e.g. CO₂). Pollutions, gas-emission, degradation of natural resources increase rapidly if GDP per capita is lower than 25.000-30.000 USD and decline when GDP is higher than 30.000 USD. The indicators of level of environment degradation are: the area of forest, emission of CO₂ and the human health. The process of international economic integration to accelerate the collaboration between countries (e.g. Kioto acknowledgment).

Małgorzata Zakrzewska - Bioremediacja – najnowszą technologią oczyszczania skażonych wód i gruntów substancjami ropopochodnymi

The author of this paper shows the meaning of remediation in modern society. Bioremediation can be defined as any process that uses microorganisms, fungi, green plants or their enzymes to return the environment altered by contaminants to its original condition. Bioremediation may be employed to attack specific soil contaminants, such as degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons by bacteria. Remediation is generally subject to an array of regulatory requirements, and also can be based on assessments of human health and ecological risks where no legislated standards exist or where standards are advisory. Remediation system plays a unique role in advancing the practice of the ground water monitoring and remediation field.

Konrad Jakubiak, Piotr Borowski - Wykorzystanie wierzby energetycznej jako przyjaznego dla środowiska źródła energii

The problem, which is making  use of energetic willow for energetic purpose, is taken under consideration in this paper. Main participation of energetic willow in production of heat is in small house installations. This force one’s to have a plantation of this kind of willow for own need or for sale. Authors write with details about cultivation of energetic willow and about many ways of harvest. Right way of cultivation has great influence on largeness of crop and  gives one’s more kilojoules of energy. Willow wood destined for energetic needs is transformed. This work describes manufacturing process of transformation and products of transformation. Biomass can be considered as a strategic resource because not only is it renewable, but it is also available everywhere and can provide products of vital interest to sectors of strong external dependence (i.e. fuel for transportation, electricity, chemicals etc.), and also because it may raise benefits for the environment and for socio-economic development, (particularly in a rural areas). Biomass offers the opportunity to develop integrated schemes from primary production through conversion to high quality added value energy and industrial products, and subsequently to their utilization. There are also environmental benefits from using technologies which are environmentally friendly for industrial and chemical commodities. These include a reduction in the greenhouse effect which is largely due to the use of fossil fuels and derived products. Biomass could produce alternative products at a lower environmental cost. Indeed, modern bio-energy technologies and bio-fuels produce very little pollution if they are burnt correctly and completely. Biomass and derived biofuels have very low sulphur content, have a CO₂ balance near zero, and low NOx emission rate.

Ewa Kukiełko, Karolina Affek - Analiza zapotrzebowania rynku na susz uzyskiwany
z owoców i warzyw

This paper describes the results of demand polish market dried fruits and vegetables since 2000 year. The subject of tests were import and export in world market mainly Europe polish dried fruits and vegetables. This article located causes grow and drop consumption dried fruits in household. Among dried vegetables concentrated mainly on market dried onion, carrot and dried potatoes. Demonstrated, how many percent in import and export preserves vegetables this dried vegetables.

Konrad Rokoszewski - Merytoryczne uwarunkowania  przygotowywania projektów związanych z  integracją społeczną i ochroną środowiska  w aspekcie środków Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego  i  Norweskiego Mechanizmu Finansowego w ramach Funduszu dla Organizacji Pozarządowych

The aim of this paper is to present the opportunities standing before the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the framework of grants accessible from the European Economic Area and Norwegian Financial Mechanism in the area of equalising of chances and social integration. NGOs play an important role in solving social problems and in reinforcing position and reintegration of groups threatened by social exclusion which is particularly visible on a local level. Activities of these organisations are very important because they enable to versatile and sustainable development of societies. However, the skill of acquiring such funds for this activity is crucial, which is connected with adopting the rules of project thinking.

II. MATERIAŁY I STUDIA

Adam Drosio - Energetyczna samowystarczalność rolnictwa, a ochrona środowiska

The main subject of this article is energetic self-sufficiency of polish  husbandry. Biofuels can be produced from renewable resources (plants, organic waste, etc.) and can be used as an alternative to fossil fuels (oil, gas) at the farms. Ethanol and biodiesel are the two main biofuels widely used today, but there are others, such as biobutanol, at the research and development phase. Global production of biofuels is booming, as higher oil prices and technological breakthroughs have made it a more profitable business. The production of biofuels is the opportunity for polish husbandry.

Jerzy Donarski - Competitive Productivity through ETHICALITY – Research findings. Proposal of Ethical Competitiveness standard EC1000

Competitive is the productivity if it is higher than the sector’s average productivity and better if higher than the major competitor’s productivity. In our method, to make the results more precise, we have introduced in addition the calculation of “operation surplus on productivity”(after wages and salaries subtraction), important when calculating the  Competitive Productivity for different countries (outsourcing of production to countries with lower wages and salaries)

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